1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
1.7 CAS Number
74402467440326
7429905
54386242
1.11 Space Group Name
1.12 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
William Cruickshank
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
2.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.2 Abundance In Meteorites
1.2.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.3.1 Abundance In Oceans
1.3.2 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
-
By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
-
compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
2.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
2.4.2 In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.0.02 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
769.00 °C1,750.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C4,790.00 °C
147
5660
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
5.4.2 Color
5.4.3 Luster
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
6.1.2 Brinell Hardness
7.1.1 Vickers Hardness
7.3 Speed of Sound
8.2 Optical Properties
8.2.1 Refractive Index
8.2.2 Reflectivity
8.4 Allotropes
8.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.5 Electronegativity
9.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.6.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.6.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.8.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.2.2 Allen Electronegativity
11.3 Electropositivity
11.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.6 Ionization Energies
11.6.1 1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol587.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.6.4 2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol1,110.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.6.5 3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol1,978.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.6.7 4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol2,780.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.6.10 5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
11.6.12 6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
11.6.14 7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
11.8.2 8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
11.8.5 9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
11.8.7 10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
11.9.2 11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
11.10.2 12th Energy Level
11.10.5 13th Energy Level
11.10.8 14th Energy Level
11.10.10 15th Energy Level
11.10.13 16th Energy Level
11.10.16 17th Energy Level
11.10.18 18th Energy Level
11.10.20 19th Energy Level
11.10.23 20th Energy Level
11.10.24 21st Energy Level
11.10.27 22nd Energy Level
11.10.30 23rd Energy Level
11.10.31 24th Energy Level
11.10.34 25th Energy Level
11.10.35 26th Energy Level
11.10.36 27th Energy Level
11.10.38 28th Energy Level
11.10.41 29th Energy Level
11.10.42 30th Energy Level
11.11 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr2.16 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.12 Electron Work Function
11.13 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
12.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
1.1.1 Crystal Lattice
1.2 Atom
1.2.1 Number of Protons
1.3.4 Number of Neutrons
1.4.4 Number of Electrons
1.8 Radius of an Atom
1.8.1 Atomic Radius
215.00 pm179.80 pm
112
265
1.11.1 Covalent Radius
195.00 pm206.00 pm
96
260
1.11.3 Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm237.00 pm
139
348
1.13 Atomic Weight
87.62 amu232.04 amu
6.94
294
3.2 Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol19.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
3.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
3.6.1 Previous Element
3.6.2 Next Element
3.7 Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)
8
392.42
3.8 Lattice Constant
608.49 pm508.42 pm
228.58
891.25
3.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
3.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
4 Mechanical
4.1 Density
4.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm311.72 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
4.3.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.4 Tensile Strength
4.6 Viscosity
4.8 Vapor Pressure
4.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
5.1.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
6.4 Elasticity properties
6.4.1 Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa31.00 GPa
1.3
222
6.9.2 Bulk Modulus
7.3.1 Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa79.00 GPa
1.7
528
8.2 Poisson Ratio
8.4 Other Mechanical Properties
9 Magnetic
9.1 Magnetic Characteristics
9.1.1 Specific Gravity
9.3.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
9.3.3 Permeability
9.6.1 Susceptibility
9.8 Electrical Properties
9.8.1 Electrical Property
9.8.2 Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m157.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
9.9.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
9.10.3 Electron Affinity
10 Thermal
10.1 Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
10.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K26.23 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
11.2 Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K54.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
12.3 Critical Temperature
13.2 Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)11.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.4 Enthalpy
13.4.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.4.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
14.3.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
14.6 Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1