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Technetium vs Chromium

Technetium
Chromium
Chromium vs Technetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc  
Cr  
Group Number
7  
11
6  
12
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440268  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1937  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C  
9
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C  
7
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Shiny Gray  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
550.00 MPa  
27
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s  
1
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tc  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36  
21
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.51  
31
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol  
34
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
14
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
28
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
39
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
37
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
33
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
23
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
29
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
24
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
28
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
43  
99+
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
55  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
43  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm  
39
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu  
99+
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol  
99+
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm  
99+
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
21
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3  
36
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.00 g/cm3  
34
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50  
37
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m  
18
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
35
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol  
23
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)  
30
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K  
30
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
2,150.00 K  
16
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol  
7
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol  
9
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol  
9
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K  
2
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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