Terbium Cesium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb
Cs
Group Number
Not Available
1
17
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkali
CAS Number
7440279
99+
7440462
40
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
Not Available
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Discovery
In 1842
In 1860
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
8 * 10-8 %
24
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.0000008 %
20
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
17
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
- Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
- In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Mildly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
28
In Bone
Not Available
0.05 p.p.m.
26
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C
33
28.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C
29
678.40 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gold
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
0.20
25
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa
17
0.14 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa
13
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s
35
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb
Cs
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
0.79
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.22
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
0.86
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.62
26
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
0.66
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
3.21
2
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
375.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
2,234.30 kJ/mol
8
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,400.00 kJ/mol
16
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr
31
4.96 g/amp-hr
3
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV
36
2.14 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65
99+
55
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Xe] 6s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
65
99+
55
99+
Number of Neutrons
94
36
78
99+
Number of Electrons
65
99+
55
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm
17
265.00 pm
1
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm
16
244.00 pm
2
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
343.00 pm
2
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu
99+
132.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol
22
71.07 cm3/mol
1
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)
33
8.62 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm
36
614.10 pm
5
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
13
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3
99+
1.93 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3
30
1.84 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa
17
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)
8
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa
32
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa
33
1.60 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa
34
1.70 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.23
39
1.87
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m
99+
205.00 nΩ·m
17
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
45.50 kJ/mol
25
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K
9
32.21 J/mol·K
4
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K
99+
35.90 W/m·K
36
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,938.00 K
5
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)
38
97.00 µm/(m·K)
1
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol
26
65.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol
34
2.10 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
33
78.20 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
10
85.20 J/mol.K
3
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