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Terbium Chromium Comparison


Chromium Terbium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Tb   
Cr   

Group Number
Not Available   
6   
12

Period Number
6   
4   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440279   
99+
7440473   
39

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
  • Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   

Discovery
In 1842   
In Between 1797 - 1798   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7

Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.002 %   
7

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.30 %   
7

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
40
0.01 %   
13

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
16

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
  • Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  

Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12

In Bone
Not Available   
0.33 p.p.m.   
21

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,356.00 °C   
33
1,857.00 °C   
14

Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C   
29
2,672.00 °C   
39

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silver   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
8.50   
1

Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa   
17
687.00 MPa   
16

Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa   
13
1,060.00 MPa   
10

Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s   
35
5,940.00 m/s   
5

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Tb   
Cr   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
26   
13
21   
18

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.66   
18

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.66   
14

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10   
30
1.56   
10

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.65   
19

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.34   
36

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1

2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1

3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1

4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1

7th Energy level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5

20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7

21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7

22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr   
31
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
3.00 eV   
36
4.50 eV   
14

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
65   
99+
24   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
65   
99+
24   
99+

Number of Neutrons
94   
36
28   
99+

Number of Electrons
65   
99+
24   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
177.00 pm   
17
128.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
194.00 pm   
16
139.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm   
22
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
158.93 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol   
22
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Gadolinium
  
Vanadium
  

Next Element
Dysprosium
  
Manganese
  

Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)   
33
170.00 (-eV)   
4

Lattice Constant
360.10 pm   
36
291.00 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
13
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3   
30
6.30 g/cm3   
40

Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa   
17
689.00 MPa   
7

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
29
0.00 (Pa)   
24

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)   
8
774.00 (Pa)   
1

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa   
32
115.00 GPa   
9

Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa   
33
160.00 GPa   
11

Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa   
34
279.00 GPa   
8

Poisson Ratio
0.26   
21
0.21   
32

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
8.23   
39
7.19   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   

Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m   
99+
125.00 nΩ·m   
27

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
64.30 kJ/mol   
15

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12

Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K   
9
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K   
99+
93.90 W/m·K   
17

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)   
38
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol   
26
348.80 kJ/mol   
24

Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol   
34
15.31 kJ/mol   
20

Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol   
33
397.50 kJ/mol   
21

Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K   
10
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+

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