Terbium vs Silver
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb
Ag
Group Number
Not Available
11
7
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440279
99+
7440224
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Unknown
Discovery
In 1842
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
- Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
29
In Bone
Not Available
0.44 p.p.m.
20
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C
33
961.93 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C
29
2,212.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa
17
251.00 MPa
37
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa
13
229.00 MPa
30
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s
35
2,680.00 m/s
34
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
97.00 %
1
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb
Ag
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.93
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.83
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.47
15
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.87
7
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.07
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
731.00 kJ/mol
27
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol
11
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol
19
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr
31
4.02 g/amp-hr
7
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV
36
4.26 eV
20
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65
99+
47
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
65
99+
47
99+
Number of Neutrons
94
36
61
99+
Number of Electrons
65
99+
47
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm
17
144.00 pm
36
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm
16
145.00 pm
39
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
172.00 pm
38
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu
99+
107.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol
22
10.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)
33
11.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm
36
408.53 pm
20
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
13
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3
99+
10.49 g/cm3
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3
30
9.32 g/cm3
21
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa
17
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
0.00 (Pa)
14
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)
8
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa
32
30.00 GPa
23
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa
33
100.00 GPa
16
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa
34
83.00 GPa
23
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.23
39
10.50
26
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
5
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m
99+
15.87 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.63 106/cm Ω
1
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
125.60 kJ/mol
5
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.24 J/(kg K)
25
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K
9
25.35 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K
99+
429.00 W/m·K
1
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)
38
18.90 µm/(m·K)
23
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol
26
255.10 kJ/mol
37
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol
34
11.30 kJ/mol
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
33
284.50 kJ/mol
37
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
10
42.60 J/mol.K
35
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