Symbol
Tb
  
Ag
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
6
  
5
  
Block
f block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Lanthanide
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
Fm_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
  
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
  
Unknown
  
Discovery
In 1842
  
Before 5000 BC
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
  
29
~0.0000001 %
  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
-
Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
  
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
Yes
  
In Blood
Not Available
  
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
29
In Bone
Not Available
  
0.44 p.p.m.
  
20
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C
  
33
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C
  
29
2,212.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s
  
35
2,680.00 m/s
  
34
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Tb
  
Ag
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol
  
27
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol
  
11
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol
  
19
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
  
31
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr
  
31
4.02 g/amp-hr
  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
  
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu
  
99+
107.87 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol
  
22
10.30 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)
  
33
11.40 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3
  
99+
10.49 g/cm3
  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.63 106/cm Ω
  
1
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
125.60 kJ/mol
  
5
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
  
33
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
25
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K
  
9
25.35 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K
  
99+
429.00 W/m·K
  
1
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)
  
38
18.90 µm/(m·K)
  
23
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol
  
26
255.10 kJ/mol
  
37
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol
  
34
11.30 kJ/mol
  
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
  
33
284.50 kJ/mol
  
37
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
  
10
42.60 J/mol.K
  
35