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Terbium vs Vanadium

Terbium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Terbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb  
V  
Group Number
3  
15
5  
13
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440279  
99+
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
  • Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
In 1842  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
40
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
  • Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C  
33
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C  
30
3,380.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa  
19
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa  
20
628.00 MPa  
25
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s  
99+
4,560.00 m/s  
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
32
2.05  
13
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tb  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
1.63  
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.20  
32
1.39  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
31
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
1.63  
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
1.53  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20  
39
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5th Energy Level
5,658.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6th Energy Level
5,658.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
5,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
13th Energy Level
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
56,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
56,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
565.80 kJ/mol  
99+
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
5,658.00 kJ/mol  
99+
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
565.00 kJ/mol  
99+
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
565.00 kJ/mol  
99+
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
565.80 kJ/mol  
99+
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
22nd Energy Level
565.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
23rd Energy Level
565.80 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
565.80 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
565.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
26th Energy Level
565.80 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
565.80 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
565.80 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
565.80 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
565.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr  
35
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV  
99+
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
65  
99+
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
65  
99+
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
94  
37
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
65  
99+
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm  
19
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm  
16
153.00 pm  
35
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
27
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu  
99+
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol  
34
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gadolinium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Dysprosium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)  
34
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm  
40
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.70  
9
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3  
99+
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa  
35
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
11
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
31
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)  
8
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa  
99+
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa  
40
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa  
37
128.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
21
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.23  
99+
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
8
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m  
99+
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K  
12
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K  
99+
30.70 W/m·K  
40
Critical Temperature
1,629.00 K  
37
2,183.00 K  
15
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol  
99+
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol  
40
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol  
99+
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
Periodic Table >>
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