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Thallium Strontium Comparison

Thallium
Strontium
Strontium Thallium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl  
Sr  
Group Number
13  
5
2  
16
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
p block  
s block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440280  
99+
7440246  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
William Cruickshank  
Discovery
In 1861  
In 1787  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
33
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.04 %  
10
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
4
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3  
19
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
140.00 p.p.m.  
7
Physical
Melting Point
303.50 °C  
99+
769.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C  
99+
1,384.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
21
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa  
99+
110.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
120.00 MPa  
99+
15.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s  
99+
4,170.00 m/s  
23
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.43  
39
Reflectivity
8.00 %  
37
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tl  
Sr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
27  
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62  
22
0.95  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25  
6
0.72  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
0.99  
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96  
11
1.00  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.79  
16
0.96  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38  
33
3.05  
7
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
1,064.20 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
4,138.00 kJ/mol  
10
4th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,500.00 kJ/mol  
22
5th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,910.00 kJ/mol  
30
6th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,760.00 kJ/mol  
26
7th Energy level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,230.00 kJ/mol  
19
8th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,800.00 kJ/mol  
19
9th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
17
10th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
11th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,270.00 kJ/mol  
6
12th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
1.64 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV  
39
2.59 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
81  
35
38  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
[Kr] 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
81  
35
38  
99+
Number of Neutrons
123  
21
50  
99+
Number of Electrons
81  
35
38  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
215.00 pm  
6
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
195.00 pm  
15
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm  
37
249.00 pm  
11
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu  
31
87.62 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
33.70 cm3/mol  
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Mercury
  
Rubidium
  
Next Element
Lead
  
Yttrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
25.70 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm  
99+
608.49 pm  
6
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
23
1.57  
40
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3  
33
2.64 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3  
33
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
47.00 MPa  
39
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)  
5
121.00 (Pa)  
1
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa  
99+
6.03 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
11.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa  
99+
15.70 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.45  
2
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.85  
35
2.64  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
28
0.00  
35
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
132.00 nΩ·m  
24
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
0.08 106/cm Ω  
31
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
5.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K  
33
35.40 W/m·K  
38
Critical Temperature
577.00 K  
99+
1,050.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
22.50 µm/(m·K)  
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
9.16 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
163.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
Summary >>
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