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Thallium vs Uranium

Thallium
Uranium
Uranium vs Thallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl   
U   
Group Number
13   
5
0   
18
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
p block   
f block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440280   
99+
7440611   
28
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Cmcm   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
63.00   
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes   
Not Available   
Discovery
In 1861   
In 1789   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-9 %   
32
2 * 10-8 %   
29
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
33
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
303.50 °C   
99+
1,132.00 °C   
39
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C   
99+
3,818.00 °C   
16
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa   
99+
2,350.00 MPa   
2
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,960.00 MPa   
2
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s   
99+
3,155.00 m/s   
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tl   
U   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62   
21
1.38   
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25   
5
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.22   
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96   
6
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.79   
13
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38   
33
2.62   
26
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
597.60 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
1,420.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,145.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
1.48 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV   
28
3.63 eV   
30
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
81   
35
92   
26
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
81   
35
92   
26
Number of Neutrons
123   
20
146   
13
Number of Electrons
81   
35
92   
26
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
196.00 pm   
14
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm   
30
186.00 pm   
33
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu   
31
238.03 amu   
21
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
12.59 cm3/mol   
40
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Mercury
  
Protactinium
  
Next Element
Lead
  
Neptunium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60   
6
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3   
31
19.10 g/cm3   
17
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3   
13
17.30 g/cm3   
7
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.01 (Pa)   
20
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa   
99+
111.00 GPa   
10
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa   
28
100.00 GPa   
16
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa   
99+
208.00 GPa   
10
Poisson Ratio
0.45   
2
0.23   
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.85   
22
18.80   
10
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
0.28 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
0.04 106/cm Ω   
37
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
27.67 J/mol·K   
15
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K   
33
27.50 W/m·K   
40
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
13.90 µm/(m·K)   
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
477.00 kJ/mol   
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
489.50 kJ/mol   
14
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
50.20 J/mol.K   
31
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