Thallium vs Uranium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl
U
Group Number
13
5
0
18
Period Number
6
7
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Actinide
CAS Number
7440280
99+
7440611
28
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Cmcm
Space Group Number
194.00
5
63.00
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
William Crookes
Not Available
Discovery
In 1861
In 1789
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-9 %
32
2 * 10-8 %
29
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
- Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
34
Not Available
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
33
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
303.50 °C
99+
1,132.00 °C
39
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C
99+
3,818.00 °C
16
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.20
20
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa
99+
2,350.00 MPa
2
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,960.00 MPa
2
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s
99+
3,155.00 m/s
25
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tl
U
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
32
7
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62
21
1.38
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25
5
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.22
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96
6
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.79
13
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38
33
2.62
26
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol
99+
597.60 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol
14
1,420.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol
32
1,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,145.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr
2
1.48 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV
28
3.63 eV
30
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
81
35
92
26
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
81
35
92
26
Number of Neutrons
123
20
146
13
Number of Electrons
81
35
92
26
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm
22
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm
39
196.00 pm
14
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm
30
186.00 pm
33
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu
31
238.03 amu
21
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol
31
12.59 cm3/mol
40
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)
99+
170.00 (-eV)
4
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm
99+
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60
6
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3
31
19.10 g/cm3
17
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3
13
17.30 g/cm3
7
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)
5
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.01 (Pa)
20
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa
99+
111.00 GPa
10
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa
28
100.00 GPa
16
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa
99+
208.00 GPa
10
Poisson Ratio
0.45
2
0.23
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.85
22
18.80
10
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m
99+
0.28 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω
32
0.04 106/cm Ω
37
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol
32
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K
29
27.67 J/mol·K
15
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K
33
27.50 W/m·K
40
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)
12
13.90 µm/(m·K)
27
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol
99+
477.00 kJ/mol
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol
99+
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol
99+
489.50 kJ/mol
14
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K
19
50.20 J/mol.K
31
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