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Thorium Rhodium Comparison

Thorium
Rhodium
Rhodium Thorium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Th  
Rh  
Group Number
0  
18
9  
9
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440326  
99+
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1829  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %  
11
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %  
7
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
36
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
34
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C  
17
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C  
8
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa  
35
980.00 MPa  
10
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa  
99+
1,100.00 MPa  
15
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s  
99+
4,700.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
15.00 %  
36
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Th  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28  
11
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.28  
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.56  
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
7th Energy level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
8th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
11th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
14th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
38
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
15th Energy Level
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
16th Energy Level
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
17th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
18th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
19th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
20th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
21st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
23rd Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
25th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
26th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
27th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
28th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
29th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
30th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr  
28
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV  
99+
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
90  
28
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90  
28
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
142  
16
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
90  
28
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm  
17
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm  
7
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm  
19
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu  
23
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)  
24
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm  
16
380.34 pm  
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.10  
99+
1.73  
7
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3  
34
12.41 g/cm3  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.72 g/cm3  
32
10.70 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
75.00 MPa  
30
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa  
25
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa  
23
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.27  
20
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70  
36
12.41  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
36
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K  
38
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K  
28
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
2,023.00 K  
20
2,237.00 K  
13
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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