Home
 Compare Metals

Thorium vs Lead

Thorium
Lead
Lead vs Thorium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Th   
Pb   
Group Number
0   
18
14   
4
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440326   
99+
7439921   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1829   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %   
11
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %   
7
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C   
17
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C   
8
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa   
29
38.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa   
29
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s   
36
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Th   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28   
11
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
90   
28
82   
34
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90   
28
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
142   
15
125   
19
Number of Electrons
90   
28
82   
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm   
15
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm   
7
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu   
23
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)   
23
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm   
14
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3   
32
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa   
21
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa   
22
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.27   
20
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70   
23
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K   
28
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Actinide Series

Actinide Metals

Actinide Metals

» More Actinide Metals

Compare Actinide Series

» More Compare Actinide Series
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!