Home
 Compare Metals

Thorium vs Lead

Thorium
Lead
Lead vs Thorium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Th  
Pb  
Group Number
0  
18
14  
4
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440326  
99+
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
-  
Discovery
In 1829  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %  
11
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %  
7
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
36
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
34
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C  
17
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C  
8
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa  
35
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s  
99+
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
15.00 %  
36
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Th  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28  
11
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
38
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr  
28
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV  
99+
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
90  
28
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90  
28
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
142  
16
125  
20
Number of Electrons
90  
28
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm  
17
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm  
7
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm  
19
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu  
23
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)  
24
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm  
16
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.10  
99+
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3  
34
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.72 g/cm3  
32
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
75.00 MPa  
30
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa  
25
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa  
23
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.27  
20
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70  
36
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
36
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K  
38
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K  
28
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
2,023.00 K  
20
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Actinide Series

Actinide Series

Actinide Series

» More Actinide Series

Compare Actinide Series

» More Compare Actinide Series
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!