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Thulium Aluminium Comparison

Thulium
Aluminium
Aluminium Thulium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm   
Al   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
6   
3   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440304   
99+
7429905   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve   
Hans Christian Oersted   
Discovery
In 1879   
In 1825   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %   
30
5 * 10-3 %   
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %   
28
~0.006 %   
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.91 %   
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
8.10 %   
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
In Bone
Not Available   
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C   
23
660.37 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C   
99+
2,467.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.75   
13
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa   
25
160.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa   
21
160.00 MPa   
35
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tm   
Al   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
11   
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25   
35
1.61   
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.71   
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.83   
8
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.61   
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75   
19
2.39   
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
7th Energy level
Not Available   
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.28 eV   
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
69   
99+
13   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
69   
99+
13   
99+
Number of Neutrons
100   
32
14   
99+
Number of Electrons
69   
99+
13   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
143.00 pm   
37
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
121.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
184.00 pm   
34
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu   
99+
26.98 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Erbium
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Ytterbium
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)   
28
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm   
40
404.95 pm   
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3   
40
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3   
24
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
40.00 MPa   
19
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)   
10
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa   
22
26.00 GPa   
29
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa   
26
76.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa   
27
70.00 GPa   
28
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
31
0.35   
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
2.72   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
237.00 W/m·K   
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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