Thulium Tantalum Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm
Ta
Group Number
Not Available
5
13
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440304
99+
7440257
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
- Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
- Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg
Discovery
In 1879
In 1802
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
8 * 10-9 %
31
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %
28
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
37
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
31
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
- Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
- Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Unknown
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Bone
Not Available
0.03 p.p.m.
28
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C
23
2,996.00 °C
4
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C
99+
5,425.00 °C
4
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gray Blue
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
6.50
5
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa
25
440.00 MPa
28
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa
21
870.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available
3,400.00 m/s
22
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
78.00 %
6
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tm
Ta
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
32
7
31
8
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25
35
1.50
27
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.33
22
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.34
33
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75
19
2.50
27
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
761.00 kJ/mol
18
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,500.00 kJ/mol
40
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
1.35 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.25 eV
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
69
99+
73
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
69
99+
73
99+
Number of Neutrons
100
32
108
28
Number of Electrons
69
99+
73
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
146.00 pm
35
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm
30
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu
99+
180.95 amu
38
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol
28
10.90 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)
28
110.00 (-eV)
7
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm
40
330.13 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
17
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3
40
16.69 g/cm3
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3
24
15.00 g/cm3
9
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)
10
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
31
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa
22
69.00 GPa
13
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa
26
200.00 GPa
8
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa
27
186.00 GPa
13
Poisson Ratio
0.21
31
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32
31
16.65
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m
5
131.00 nΩ·m
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω
27
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
31.00 kJ/mol
29
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
0.14 J/(kg K)
37
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K
22
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K
99+
57.50 W/m·K
27
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
753.10 kJ/mol
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol
17
31.40 kJ/mol
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
782.00 kJ/mol
3
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K
9
41.50 J/mol.K
37
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