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Thulium vs Tantalum

Thulium
Tantalum
Tantalum vs Thulium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm  
Ta  
Group Number
3  
15
5  
13
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440304  
99+
7440257  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve  
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg  
Discovery
In 1879  
In 1802  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.03 p.p.m.  
33
Physical
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C  
23
2,996.00 °C  
4
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C  
99+
5,425.00 °C  
4
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Gray Blue  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa  
30
440.00 MPa  
33
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa  
33
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
3,400.00 m/s  
33
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
2.15  
10
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tm  
Ta  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25  
36
1.50  
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.25  
28
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.33  
23
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.25  
35
1.50  
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.25  
99+
1.34  
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75  
19
2.50  
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
18
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
9
5th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
6th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
36
7th Energy level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
8th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
9th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
26
10th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
11th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
29
12th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
22
14th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
15th Energy Level
59,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
16th Energy Level
59,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
17th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
35
18th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
25
19th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
32
20th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
26
21st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
20
23rd Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
25th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
26th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
27th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
15
28th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
21
29th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
22
30th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr  
30
1.35 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.40 eV  
99+
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
69  
99+
73  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
69  
99+
73  
99+
Number of Neutrons
100  
33
108  
29
Number of Electrons
69  
99+
73  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
20
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
32
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm  
26
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu  
99+
180.95 amu  
38
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol  
40
10.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Erbium
  
Hafnium
  
Next Element
Ytterbium
  
Tungsten
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)  
29
110.00 (-eV)  
7
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm  
99+
330.13 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.41  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
16.69 g/cm3  
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3  
99+
15.00 g/cm3  
23
Tensile Strength
69.00 MPa  
32
180.00 MPa  
20
Viscosity
0.00  
19
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)  
10
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa  
26
69.00 GPa  
13
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa  
30
200.00 GPa  
8
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa  
29
186.00 GPa  
14
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
32
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
99+
16.65  
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m  
5
131.00 nΩ·m  
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
32
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
31.00 kJ/mol  
35
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)  
36
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K  
28
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K  
99+
57.50 W/m·K  
27
Critical Temperature
1,818.00 K  
27
3,290.00 K  
4
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
35
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol  
99+
753.10 kJ/mol  
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol  
17
31.40 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol  
99+
782.00 kJ/mol  
3
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K  
9
41.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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