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Thulium Vanadium Comparison


Vanadium Thulium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Tm   
V   

Group Number
Not Available   
5   
13

Period Number
6   
4   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440304   
99+
7440622   
27

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve   
Andrés Manuel del Río   

Discovery
In 1879   
In 1801   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %   
30
1 * 10-4 %   
10

Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %   
28
~0.00004 %   
13

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
14

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.02 %   
12

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
14

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  

Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Unknown   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36

In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
31

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,545.00 °C   
23
1,890.00 °C   
13

Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C   
99+
3,380.00 °C   
20

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery Gray   
Blue-Silver Grey   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.70   
4

Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa   
25
600.00 MPa   
20

Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa   
21
628.00 MPa   
17

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,560.00 m/s   
17

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
61.00 %   
14

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Tm   
V   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
32   
7
22   
17

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.25   
35
1.63   
20

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.39   
17

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.45   
16

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.53   
26

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.75   
19
2.37   
34

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35

4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5

7th Energy level
Not Available   
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6

20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8

21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.30 eV   
18

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
69   
99+
23   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
69   
99+
23   
99+

Number of Neutrons
100   
32
28   
99+

Number of Electrons
69   
99+
23   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
134.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
153.00 pm   
33

Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
168.93 amu   
99+
50.94 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Erbium
  
Titanium
  

Next Element
Ytterbium
  
Chromium
  

Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)   
28
120.00 (-eV)   
6

Lattice Constant
353.75 pm   
40
303.00 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3   
40
6.00 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3   
24
5.50 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
800.00 MPa   
6

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)   
10
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.23 (Pa)   
16

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa   
22
47.00 GPa   
16

Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa   
26
160.00 GPa   
11

Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa   
27
128.00 GPa   
15

Poisson Ratio
0.21   
31
0.37   
7

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
5.96   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   

Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
197.00 nΩ·m   
19

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.60 kJ/mol   
20

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10

Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
30.70 W/m·K   
39

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
458.60 kJ/mol   
14

Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
17.57 kJ/mol   
14

Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
514.60 kJ/mol   
13

Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+

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