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Thulium vs Vanadium

Thulium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Thulium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm   
V   
Group Number
Not Available   
5   
13
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440304   
99+
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
In 1879   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %   
30
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %   
28
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C   
23
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C   
99+
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa   
25
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa   
21
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tm   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25   
35
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75   
19
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
Not Available   
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
69   
99+
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
69   
99+
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
100   
32
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
69   
99+
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu   
99+
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Erbium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Ytterbium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)   
28
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm   
40
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3   
40
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3   
24
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)   
10
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa   
22
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa   
26
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa   
27
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
31
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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