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Thulium vs Platinum

Thulium
Platinum
Platinum vs Thulium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm  
Pt  
Group Number
3  
15
10  
8
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440304  
99+
7440064  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve  
Antonio de Ulloa  
Discovery
In 1879  
In 1735  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C  
23
1,772.00 °C  
16
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C  
99+
3,827.00 °C  
15
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
3.50  
12
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa  
30
300.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa  
33
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
2.41  
6
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tm  
Pt  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25  
36
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.25  
28
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.25  
35
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.25  
99+
1.72  
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75  
19
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
5th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
6th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
7th Energy level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
8th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
9th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
11th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
12th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
14th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
35
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
59,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
16th Energy Level
59,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
18th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
19th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
20th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
21st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
22nd Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
23rd Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
24th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
25th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
26th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
27th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
28th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
29th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
30th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr  
30
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
Electron Work Function
2.40 eV  
99+
5.65 eV  
4
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
69  
99+
78  
38
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
69  
99+
78  
38
Number of Neutrons
100  
33
117  
25
Number of Electrons
69  
99+
78  
38
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
20
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
32
136.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm  
26
175.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol  
40
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Erbium
  
Iridium
  
Next Element
Ytterbium
  
Gold
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)  
29
392.42 (-eV)  
1
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm  
99+
392.42 pm  
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
21.45 g/cm3  
11
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3  
99+
19.77 g/cm3  
12
Tensile Strength
69.00 MPa  
32
125.00 MPa  
26
Viscosity
0.00  
19
0.00  
16
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)  
10
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.07 (Pa)  
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa  
26
61.00 GPa  
14
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa  
30
230.00 GPa  
6
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa  
29
168.00 GPa  
15
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
32
0.38  
6
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
99+
21.45  
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
14
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m  
5
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)  
36
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K  
28
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K  
99+
71.60 W/m·K  
24
Critical Temperature
1,818.00 K  
27
2,041.00 K  
19
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
35
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol  
99+
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol  
17
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol  
99+
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K  
9
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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