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Thulium vs Radium

Thulium
Radium
Radium vs Thulium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm   
Ra   
Group Number
Not Available   
2   
16
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440304   
99+
7440144   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve   
Not Available   
Discovery
In 1879   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %   
30
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %   
28
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C   
23
700.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C   
99+
1,737.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa   
25
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tm   
Ra   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25   
35
0.90   
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
0.97   
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.92   
20
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.89   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75   
19
3.10   
5
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
509.30 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
979.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
4.22 g/amp-hr   
6
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
69   
99+
88   
30
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
[Rn] 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
69   
99+
88   
30
Number of Neutrons
100   
32
138   
16
Number of Electrons
69   
99+
88   
30
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
Not Available   
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
221.00 pm   
3
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
283.00 pm   
4
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu   
99+
226.00 amu   
26
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
45.20 cm3/mol   
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Erbium
  
Francium
  
Next Element
Ytterbium
  
Actinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)   
28
20.10 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm   
40
514.80 pm   
13
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3   
40
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3   
24
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)   
10
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa   
22
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa   
26
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa   
27
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
31
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
5.00   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
100.00 nΩ·m   
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
18.60 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
163.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
71.00 J/mol.K   
14
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