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Radium vs Thulium

Radium
Thulium
Thulium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra   
Tm   
Group Number
2   
16
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
s block   
f block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440144   
99+
7440304   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Per Teodor Cleve   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-8 %   
30
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.00000002 %   
28
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C   
99+
1,545.00 °C   
23
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C   
99+
1,730.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
471.00 MPa   
25
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
520.00 MPa   
21
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra   
Tm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90   
99+
1.25   
35
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.11   
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92   
20
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10   
5
2.75   
19
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol   
99+
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr   
6
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88   
30
69   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2   
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88   
30
69   
99+
Number of Neutrons
138   
16
100   
32
Number of Electrons
88   
30
69   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm   
3
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm   
4
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu   
26
168.93 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol   
4
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Erbium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Ytterbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)   
99+
49.70 (-eV)   
28
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm   
13
353.75 pm   
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
9.32 g/cm3   
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
8.56 g/cm3   
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.06 (Pa)   
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
30.50 GPa   
22
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
44.50 GPa   
26
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
74.00 GPa   
27
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.21   
31
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m   
31
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K   
99+
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol   
99+
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K   
14
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
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