Thulium vs Technetium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm
Tc
Group Number
Not Available
7
11
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440304
99+
7440268
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
- Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
- At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons
History
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero
Discovery
In 1879
In 1937
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %
28
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
- Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
Industrial Uses
NA
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Unknown
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C
23
2,200.00 °C
9
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C
99+
4,877.00 °C
7
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Shiny Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa
25
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa
21
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
16,200.00 m/s
1
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tm
Tc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
32
7
18
21
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25
35
1.90
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.36
20
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.51
28
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75
19
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
702.00 kJ/mol
36
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,470.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,850.00 kJ/mol
33
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
0.52 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
69
99+
43
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
[Kr] 4d5 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
69
99+
43
99+
Number of Neutrons
100
32
55
99+
Number of Electrons
69
99+
43
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
136.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm
30
147.00 pm
37
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu
99+
98.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol
28
8.50 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)
28
180.00 (-eV)
3
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm
40
273.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
17
1.60
5
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3
40
11.00 g/cm3
34
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3
24
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)
10
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa
22
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa
26
Not Available
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa
27
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.21
31
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32
31
11.50
24
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m
5
200.00 nΩ·m
18
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω
30
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
53.00 kJ/mol
18
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
0.21 J/(kg K)
29
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K
22
24.27 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K
99+
50.60 W/m·K
30
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
7.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
660.00 kJ/mol
6
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol
17
23.01 kJ/mol
9
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
649.00 kJ/mol
8
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K
9
181.10 J/mol.K
2
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