Thulium vs Titanium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm
Ti
Group Number
Not Available
4
14
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440304
99+
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
Discovery
In 1879
In 1791
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %
28
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Unknown
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C
23
1,660.00 °C
18
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C
99+
3,287.00 °C
22
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery Gray-White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa
25
716.00 MPa
15
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa
21
830.00 MPa
14
Speed of Sound
Not Available
5,090.00 m/s
9
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tm
Ti
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
32
7
23
16
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25
35
1.54
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.09
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.32
23
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.38
32
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75
19
2.46
28
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
658.80 kJ/mol
39
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,652.50 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
4,174.60 kJ/mol
32
5th Energy Level
Not Available
9,581.00 kJ/mol
5
6th Energy Level
Not Available
11,533.00 kJ/mol
6
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,590.00 kJ/mol
6
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,440.00 kJ/mol
8
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,530.00 kJ/mol
11
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,833.00 kJ/mol
15
11th Energy Level
Not Available
25,575.00 kJ/mol
14
12th Energy Level
Not Available
28,125.00 kJ/mol
14
13th Energy Level
Not Available
76,015.00 kJ/mol
1
14th Energy Level
Not Available
83,280.00 kJ/mol
2
15th Energy Level
Not Available
90,880.00 kJ/mol
3
16th Energy Level
Not Available
100,700.00 kJ/mol
4
17th Energy Level
Not Available
109,100.00 kJ/mol
5
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,800.00 kJ/mol
6
19th Energy Level
Not Available
129,900.00 kJ/mol
7
20th Energy Level
Not Available
137,530.00 kJ/mol
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
69
99+
22
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
69
99+
22
99+
Number of Neutrons
100
32
26
99+
Number of Electrons
69
99+
22
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
147.00 pm
34
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm
30
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu
99+
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol
28
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)
28
95.20 (-eV)
10
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm
40
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
17
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3
40
4.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3
24
4.11 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
434.00 MPa
9
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)
10
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.98 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa
22
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa
26
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa
27
116.00 GPa
18
Poisson Ratio
0.21
31
0.32
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32
31
4.51
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m
5
420.00 nΩ·m
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
7.60 kJ/mol
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K
22
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K
99+
21.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol
17
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K
9
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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