Tungsten Thulium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
W
Tm
Group Number
6
12
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440337
99+
7440304
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
In 1781
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.00000002 %
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
39
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
39
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
18
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
31
Not Available
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
35
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C
1
1,545.00 °C
23
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C
1
1,730.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.50
2
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa
4
471.00 MPa
25
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa
1
520.00 MPa
21
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s
16
Not Available
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
62.00 %
13
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
W
Tm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36
2
1.25
35
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98
23
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40
19
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.47
29
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64
99+
2.75
19
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol
16
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol
29
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV
13
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
74
99+
69
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
74
99+
69
99+
Number of Neutrons
110
27
100
32
Number of Electrons
74
99+
69
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm
29
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
Not Available
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu
37
168.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
18.10 cm3/mol
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
5
49.70 (-eV)
28
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm
99+
353.75 pm
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3
16
9.32 g/cm3
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3
5
8.56 g/cm3
24
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa
10
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.06 (Pa)
10
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
32
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa
5
30.50 GPa
22
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa
4
44.50 GPa
26
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa
4
74.00 GPa
27
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.21
31
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.22
9
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m
99+
676.00 nΩ·m
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol
13
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K
99+
27.03 J/mol·K
22
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K
7
16.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)
99+
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
1
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
1
16.80 kJ/mol
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
1
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
74.00 J/mol.K
9
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