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Thulium vs Rhodium

Thulium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Thulium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm  
Rh  
Group Number
Not Available  
9  
9
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440304  
99+
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1879  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %  
30
6 * 10-8 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %  
28
~0.0000002 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown  
NA  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C  
23
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C  
99+
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa  
25
980.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa  
21
1,100.00 MPa  
9
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
4,700.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
84.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tm  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25  
35
2.28  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
29
1.45  
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.56  
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75  
19
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
33
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr  
26
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
4.98 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
69  
99+
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
69  
99+
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
100  
32
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
69  
99+
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
18
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
30
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available  
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu  
99+
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol  
28
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Erbium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Ytterbium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)  
28
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm  
40
380.34 pm  
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
17
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3  
40
12.41 g/cm3  
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3  
24
10.70 g/cm3  
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)  
10
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa  
22
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa  
26
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa  
27
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
31
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
31
12.41  
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m  
5
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
109.70 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)  
35
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K  
22
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K  
99+
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
29
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.40 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol  
17
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol  
99+
556.50 kJ/mol  
12
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K  
9
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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