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Thulium vs Rhodium

Thulium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Thulium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm   
Rh   
Group Number
Not Available   
9   
9
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440304   
99+
7440166   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1879   
In 1804   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %   
30
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %   
28
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
NA   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C   
23
1,966.00 °C   
12
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C   
99+
3,727.00 °C   
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa   
25
980.00 MPa   
9
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa   
21
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tm   
Rh   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25   
35
2.28   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.56   
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75   
19
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
69   
99+
45   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
69   
99+
45   
99+
Number of Neutrons
100   
32
58   
99+
Number of Electrons
69   
99+
45   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu   
99+
102.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Erbium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Ytterbium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)   
28
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm   
40
380.34 pm   
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3   
40
12.41 g/cm3   
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3   
24
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
951.00 MPa   
5
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)   
10
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa   
22
150.00 GPa   
6
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa   
26
275.00 GPa   
5
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa   
27
380.00 GPa   
5
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
31
0.26   
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
12.41   
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
150.00 W/m·K   
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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