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Tungsten vs Niobium

Tungsten
Niobium
Niobium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W   
Nb   
Group Number
6   
12
5   
13
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440337   
99+
7440031   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Charles Hatchett   
Discovery
In 1781   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
35
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C   
1
2,468.00 °C   
6
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C   
1
2,468.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50   
2
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa   
4
735.00 MPa   
14
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa   
1
870.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s   
16
3,480.00 m/s   
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
62.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
W   
Nb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36   
2
1.60   
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98   
23
1.42   
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40   
19
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.47   
29
1.41   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64   
99+
2.40   
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol   
16
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol   
29
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
74   
99+
41   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2   
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
41   
99+
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
52   
99+
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
41   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
146.00 pm   
35
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm   
29
164.00 pm   
28
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu   
37
92.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
104.00 (-eV)   
8
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm   
99+
330.04 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3   
16
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3   
5
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa   
10
330.00 MPa   
12
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa   
5
38.00 GPa   
19
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa   
4
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa   
4
105.00 GPa   
20
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22   
9
8.57   
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m   
99+
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol   
13
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K   
7
53.70 W/m·K   
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)   
99+
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
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