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Uranium Berkelium Comparison

Uranium
Berkelium
Berkelium Uranium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
U  
Bk  
Group Number
0  
18
14  
4
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440611  
28
7440406  
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
63.00  
13
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1949  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
11
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
1.20 p.p.m.  
19
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C  
39
986.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C  
16
2,627.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa  
2
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa  
6
1,070.00 MPa  
16
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s  
36
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.38  
40
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
U  
Bk  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
14  
25
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38  
29
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.38  
22
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.38  
29
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.38  
36
2.70  
1
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62  
26
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
13th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
34
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
15th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
17th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
597.00 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
22nd Energy Level
597.00 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
24th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV  
99+
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
92  
26
97  
21
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2  
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
92  
26
97  
21
Number of Neutrons
146  
14
150  
12
Number of Electrons
92  
26
97  
21
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
31
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm  
14
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm  
40
244.00 pm  
14
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu  
21
247.00 amu  
18
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol  
99+
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Protactinium
  
Curium
  
Next Element
Neptunium
  
Californium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
45.50 (-eV)  
37
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
341.60 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.02  
99+
1.57  
38
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3  
17
14.78 g/cm3  
23
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3  
17
13.25 g/cm3  
29
Tensile Strength
100.00 MPa  
28
70.00 MPa  
31
Viscosity
0.00  
21
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa  
10
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
13.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa  
11
13.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
18.80  
19
14.00  
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
13
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m  
99+
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K  
18
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K  
99+
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,405.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)  
30
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol  
18
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol  
18
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
Summary >>
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