Uranium Hafnium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
U
Hf
Group Number
0
18
4
14
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440611
28
7440586
30
Space Group Name
Cmcm
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
63.00
10
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product Zirconium Refining
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Discovery
In 1789
In 1922
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %
29
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
31
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
11
0.00 %
27
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
- Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
- It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C
39
2,150.00 °C
10
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C
16
5,400.00 °C
5
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
5.50
7
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa
2
1,450.00 MPa
6
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa
2
1,520.00 MPa
5
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s
25
3,010.00 m/s
27
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
U
Hf
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38
28
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.23
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.16
37
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62
26
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol
99+
658.50 kJ/mol
40
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,440.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,250.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,216.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr
99+
1.66 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV
30
3.90 eV
27
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
92
26
72
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
92
26
72
99+
Number of Neutrons
146
13
106
29
Number of Electrons
92
26
72
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
159.00 pm
28
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm
14
175.00 pm
23
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm
33
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu
21
178.49 amu
39
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol
40
13.60 cm3/mol
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)
4
81.00 (-eV)
16
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm
99+
319.64 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.58
12
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3
17
13.31 g/cm3
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3
7
12.00 g/cm3
12
Tensile Strength
Not Available
445.00 MPa
8
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)
20
0.00 (Pa)
24
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa
10
30.00 GPa
23
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa
16
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa
10
78.00 GPa
25
Poisson Ratio
0.23
30
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
18.80
10
13.31
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m
99+
331.00 nΩ·m
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
37
0.03 106/cm Ω
39
Electron Affinity
Not Available
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.14 J/(kg K)
37
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K
15
25.73 J/mol·K
36
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K
40
23.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)
27
5.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol
13
661.10 kJ/mol
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
19
25.10 kJ/mol
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol
14
703.00 kJ/mol
5
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K
31
43.60 J/mol.K
34
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