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Uranium vs Hafnium

Uranium
Hafnium
Hafnium vs Uranium


Periodic Table
Symbol
U   
Hf   
Group Number
0   
18
4   
14
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440611   
28
7440586   
30
Space Group Name
Cmcm   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
63.00   
10
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By-product Zirconium Refining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy   
Discovery
In 1789   
In 1922   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %   
29
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
11
0.00 %   
27
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C   
39
2,150.00 °C   
10
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C   
16
5,400.00 °C   
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa   
2
1,450.00 MPa   
6
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa   
2
1,520.00 MPa   
5
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s   
25
3,010.00 m/s   
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
U   
Hf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38   
28
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.16   
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62   
26
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol   
99+
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV   
30
3.90 eV   
27
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
92   
26
72   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
92   
26
72   
99+
Number of Neutrons
146   
13
106   
29
Number of Electrons
92   
26
72   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
175.00 pm   
23
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm   
33
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu   
21
178.49 amu   
39
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol   
40
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Protactinium
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Neptunium
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)   
4
81.00 (-eV)   
16
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
319.64 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
12
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3   
17
13.31 g/cm3   
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3   
7
12.00 g/cm3   
12
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
445.00 MPa   
8
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
20
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa   
10
30.00 GPa   
23
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa   
10
78.00 GPa   
25
Poisson Ratio
0.23   
30
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
18.80   
10
13.31   
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m   
99+
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω   
37
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K   
15
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K   
40
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)   
27
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol   
13
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol   
14
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K   
31
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
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