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Uranium vs Cerium

Uranium
Cerium
Cerium vs Uranium


Periodic Table
Symbol
U   
Ce   
Group Number
0   
18
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440611   
28
7440451   
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
63.00   
10
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Discovery
In 1789   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %   
29
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
11
0.00 %   
33
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Moderately Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
In Bone
Not Available   
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C   
39
795.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C   
16
3,257.00 °C   
23
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa   
2
186.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa   
2
210.00 MPa   
32
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s   
25
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
U   
Ce   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38   
28
1.12   
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.08   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62   
26
2.88   
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol   
99+
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV   
30
2.84 eV   
39
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
92   
26
58   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2   
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
92   
26
58   
99+
Number of Neutrons
146   
13
82   
99+
Number of Electrons
92   
26
58   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
181.80 pm   
12
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
204.00 pm   
8
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm   
33
235.00 pm   
17
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu   
21
140.12 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol   
40
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Protactinium
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Neptunium
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)   
4
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
362.00 pm   
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3   
17
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3   
7
6.55 g/cm3   
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
20
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa   
10
13.50 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
21.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa   
10
33.60 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23   
30
0.24   
27
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
18.80   
10
6.77   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m   
99+
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω   
37
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K   
15
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K   
40
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)   
27
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol   
13
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol   
14
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K   
31
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
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