Uranium Cerium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
U
Ce
Group Number
0
18
Not Available
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Actinide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440611
28
7440451
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
63.00
10
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Discovery
In 1789
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %
29
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
36
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
11
0.00 %
33
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
- Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Moderately Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
In Bone
Not Available
2.70 p.p.m.
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C
39
795.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C
16
3,257.00 °C
23
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa
2
186.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa
2
210.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s
25
2,100.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
U
Ce
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38
28
1.12
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.08
31
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62
26
2.88
11
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol
99+
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV
30
2.84 eV
39
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
92
26
58
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
92
26
58
99+
Number of Neutrons
146
13
82
99+
Number of Electrons
92
26
58
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
181.80 pm
12
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm
14
204.00 pm
8
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm
33
235.00 pm
17
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu
21
140.12 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol
40
20.67 cm3/mol
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)
4
41.78 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm
99+
362.00 pm
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3
17
6.77 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3
7
6.55 g/cm3
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)
20
1.04 (Pa)
13
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa
10
13.50 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa
16
21.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa
10
33.60 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23
30
0.24
27
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
18.80
10
6.77
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m
99+
828.00 nΩ·m
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
37
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K
15
26.94 J/mol·K
23
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K
40
11.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)
27
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol
13
414.00 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
19
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol
14
381.00 kJ/mol
23
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K
31
72.00 J/mol.K
12
|
||
|
||
|
