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Cerium Uranium Comparison

Cerium
Uranium
Uranium Cerium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce  
U  
Group Number
3  
15
0  
18
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440451  
99+
7440611  
28
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Cmcm  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
63.00  
13
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger  
-  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1789  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
18
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
33
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
30
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.  
14
1.20 p.p.m.  
19
Physical
Melting Point
795.00 °C  
99+
1,132.00 °C  
39
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C  
24
3,818.00 °C  
16
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa  
99+
2,350.00 MPa  
2
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa  
99+
1,960.00 MPa  
6
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s  
99+
3,155.00 m/s  
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.20  
9
1.38  
40
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ce  
U  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30  
9
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12  
99+
1.38  
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.12  
37
1.38  
22
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08  
32
1.22  
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.12  
99+
1.38  
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.12  
99+
1.38  
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88  
11
2.62  
26
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,145.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol  
38
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
34
15th Energy Level
53,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
53,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
17th Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
534.00 kJ/mol  
99+
597.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
5,346.00 kJ/mol  
24
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
597.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
5,346.00 kJ/mol  
26
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.48 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV  
99+
3.63 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
58  
99+
92  
26
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2  
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100  
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
58  
99+
92  
26
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
146  
14
Number of Electrons
58  
99+
92  
26
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm  
14
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm  
8
196.00 pm  
14
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm  
21
186.00 pm  
40
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu  
99+
238.03 amu  
21
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol  
27
12.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
Protactinium
  
Next Element
Praseodymium
  
Neptunium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)  
99+
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm  
38
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
31
1.02  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
19.10 g/cm3  
17
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3  
99+
17.30 g/cm3  
17
Tensile Strength
270.00 MPa  
17
100.00 MPa  
28
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
21
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
36
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)  
13
0.01 (Pa)  
20
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa  
99+
111.00 GPa  
10
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa  
99+
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa  
99+
208.00 GPa  
11
Poisson Ratio
0.24  
27
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
18.80  
19
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m  
3
0.28 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K  
30
27.67 J/mol·K  
18
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K  
99+
27.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,071.00 K  
99+
1,405.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.90 µm/(m·K)  
30
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol  
22
477.00 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol  
31
489.50 kJ/mol  
18
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K  
12
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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