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Uranium vs Thorium

Uranium
Thorium
Thorium vs Uranium


Periodic Table
Symbol
U   
Th   
Group Number
0   
18
0   
18
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440611   
28
7440326   
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
63.00   
10
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Discovery
In 1789   
In 1829   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %   
29
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.05 %   
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
0.66 %   
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
11
0.00 %   
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
In Bone
Not Available   
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C   
39
1,750.00 °C   
17
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C   
16
4,790.00 °C   
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa   
2
390.00 MPa   
29
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa   
2
295.00 MPa   
29
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s   
25
2,490.00 m/s   
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
U   
Th   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
28   
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38   
28
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.11   
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62   
26
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol   
99+
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV   
30
3.41 eV   
32
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
92   
26
90   
28
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2   
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
92   
26
90   
28
Number of Neutrons
146   
13
142   
15
Number of Electrons
92   
26
90   
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
179.80 pm   
15
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
206.00 pm   
7
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm   
33
237.00 pm   
15
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu   
21
232.04 amu   
23
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol   
40
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Protactinium
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Neptunium
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)   
4
59.30 (-eV)   
23
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
508.42 pm   
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3   
17
11.72 g/cm3   
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3   
7
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
20
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa   
10
31.00 GPa   
21
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
54.00 GPa   
22
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa   
10
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.23   
30
0.27   
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
18.80   
10
11.70   
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m   
99+
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω   
37
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K   
15
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K   
40
54.00 W/m·K   
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)   
27
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol   
13
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol   
14
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K   
31
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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