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Uranium vs Thorium

Uranium
Thorium
Thorium vs Uranium


Periodic Table
Symbol
U  
Th  
Group Number
0  
18
0  
18
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440611  
28
7440326  
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
63.00  
13
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1829  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.05 %  
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
0.66 %  
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
36
In Bone
1.20 p.p.m.  
19
0.02 p.p.m.  
34
Physical
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C  
39
1,750.00 °C  
17
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C  
16
4,790.00 °C  
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa  
2
390.00 MPa  
35
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa  
6
295.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s  
36
2,490.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.38  
40
1.60  
33
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
15.00 %  
36
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
U  
Th  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
28  
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38  
29
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.38  
22
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.38  
29
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.38  
36
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62  
26
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
34
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
38
15th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
17th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
597.00 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
597.00 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr  
28
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV  
99+
3.41 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
92  
26
90  
28
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2  
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
92  
26
90  
28
Number of Neutrons
146  
14
142  
16
Number of Electrons
92  
26
90  
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
31
179.80 pm  
17
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm  
14
206.00 pm  
7
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm  
40
237.00 pm  
19
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu  
21
232.04 amu  
23
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol  
99+
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Protactinium
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Neptunium
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
59.30 (-eV)  
24
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
508.42 pm  
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.02  
99+
1.10  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3  
17
11.72 g/cm3  
34
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3  
17
11.72 g/cm3  
32
Tensile Strength
100.00 MPa  
28
75.00 MPa  
30
Viscosity
0.00  
21
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa  
10
31.00 GPa  
25
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
54.00 GPa  
23
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa  
11
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.27  
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
18.80  
19
11.70  
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m  
99+
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω  
36
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K  
18
26.23 J/mol·K  
38
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K  
99+
54.00 W/m·K  
28
Critical Temperature
1,405.00 K  
99+
2,023.00 K  
20
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)  
30
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol  
18
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol  
18
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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