Uranium Thorium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
U
Th
Group Number
0
18
0
18
Period Number
7
7
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Actinide
Actinide
CAS Number
7440611
28
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
63.00
10
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
In 1789
In 1829
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %
29
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
36
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
11
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
- Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
- compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
33
In Bone
Not Available
0.02 p.p.m.
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C
39
1,750.00 °C
17
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C
16
4,790.00 °C
8
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa
2
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa
2
295.00 MPa
29
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s
25
2,490.00 m/s
36
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
U
Th
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
28
11
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38
28
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.11
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62
26
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol
99+
587.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,978.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,780.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr
24
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV
30
3.41 eV
32
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
92
26
90
28
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
92
26
90
28
Number of Neutrons
146
13
142
15
Number of Electrons
92
26
90
28
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
179.80 pm
15
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm
14
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm
33
237.00 pm
15
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu
21
232.04 amu
23
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol
40
19.90 cm3/mol
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)
4
59.30 (-eV)
23
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm
99+
508.42 pm
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3
17
11.72 g/cm3
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3
7
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)
20
0.00 (Pa)
22
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa
10
31.00 GPa
21
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa
16
54.00 GPa
22
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa
10
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.23
30
0.27
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
18.80
10
11.70
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m
99+
157.00 nΩ·m
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
37
0.07 106/cm Ω
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K
15
26.23 J/mol·K
30
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K
40
54.00 W/m·K
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)
27
11.00 µm/(m·K)
36
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol
13
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
19
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol
14
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K
31
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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