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Ytterbium vs Gold

Ytterbium
Gold
Gold vs Ytterbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb   
Au   
Group Number
Not Available   
11   
7
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440644   
26
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1878   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
33
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
Not Available   
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
824.00 °C   
99+
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C   
99+
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gold   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa   
31
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa   
33
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s   
99+
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Yb   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.54   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06   
33
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr   
25
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
70   
99+
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
70   
99+
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
103   
31
118   
23
Number of Electrons
70   
99+
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm   
12
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol   
9
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thulium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Lutetium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)   
27
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm   
11
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3   
99+
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3   
99+
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa   
18
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa   
99+
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa   
39
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa   
99+
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
33
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.97   
99+
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m   
99+
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω   
38
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K   
35
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
26.30 K   
7
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)   
14
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol   
99+
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K   
21
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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