Symbol
Yb
  
K
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
6
  
4
  
Block
f block
  
s block
  
Element Family
Lanthanide
  
Alkali
  
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
  
Im_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
  
Humphry Davy
  
Discovery
In 1878
  
In 1807
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
  
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
Pharmaceutical Industry
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
NA
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
  
Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
Yes
  
In Blood
Not Available
  
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
2
In Bone
Not Available
  
2,100.00 p.p.m.
  
3
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery Gray
  
Luster
Metallic
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s
  
99+
2,000.00 m/s
  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Yb
  
K
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
418.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
3,052.00 kJ/mol
  
5
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4,420.00 kJ/mol
  
8
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
  
31
5,877.00 kJ/mol
  
9
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
7,975.00 kJ/mol
  
8
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
9,590.00 kJ/mol
  
13
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
11,343.00 kJ/mol
  
17
8th Energy Level
Not Available
  
14,944.00 kJ/mol
  
13
9th Energy Level
Not Available
  
16,963.70 kJ/mol
  
15
10th Energy Level
Not Available
  
48,610.00 kJ/mol
  
3
11th Energy Level
Not Available
  
54,490.00 kJ/mol
  
4
12th Energy Level
Not Available
  
60,730.00 kJ/mol
  
4
13th Energy Level
Not Available
  
68,950.00 kJ/mol
  
4
14th Energy Level
Not Available
  
75,900.00 kJ/mol
  
5
15th Energy Level
Not Available
  
83,080.00 kJ/mol
  
6
16th Energy Level
Not Available
  
93,400.00 kJ/mol
  
7
17th Energy Level
Not Available
  
99,710.00 kJ/mol
  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr
  
25
1.46 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
  
[Ar] 4s1
  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol
  
9
45.46 cm3/mol
  
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)
  
27
10.40 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3
  
99+
0.86 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3
  
99+
0.83 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
  
38
0.14 106/cm Ω
  
14
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
48.40 kJ/mol
  
22
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
  
36
0.75 J/(kg K)
  
6
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
  
25
29.60 J/mol·K
  
6
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K
  
35
102.50 W/m·K
  
15
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)
  
14
83.30 µm/(m·K)
  
3
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol
  
99+
77.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
  
99+
2.32 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
89.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K
  
21
64.70 J/mol.K
  
18