Ytterbium vs Potassium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb
K
Group Number
Not Available
1
17
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkali
CAS Number
7440644
26
7440097
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1878
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.07 %
9
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
33
1.50 %
6
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
37
0.04 %
3
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.20 %
2
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
2
In Bone
Not Available
2,100.00 p.p.m.
3
Physical Properties
Melting Point
824.00 °C
99+
63.65 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C
99+
774.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
0.40
23
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa
31
0.36 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa
33
Not Available
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s
99+
2,000.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Yb
K
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
20
19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
0.82
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.45
31
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06
33
0.91
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.73
23
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
0.73
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
3.18
3
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
418.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
3,052.00 kJ/mol
5
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,420.00 kJ/mol
8
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
5,877.00 kJ/mol
9
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,975.00 kJ/mol
8
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,590.00 kJ/mol
13
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,343.00 kJ/mol
17
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,944.00 kJ/mol
13
9th Energy Level
Not Available
16,963.70 kJ/mol
15
10th Energy Level
Not Available
48,610.00 kJ/mol
3
11th Energy Level
Not Available
54,490.00 kJ/mol
4
12th Energy Level
Not Available
60,730.00 kJ/mol
4
13th Energy Level
Not Available
68,950.00 kJ/mol
4
14th Energy Level
Not Available
75,900.00 kJ/mol
5
15th Energy Level
Not Available
83,080.00 kJ/mol
6
16th Energy Level
Not Available
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
17th Energy Level
Not Available
99,710.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
1.46 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
2.30 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
70
99+
19
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Ar] 4s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
70
99+
19
99+
Number of Neutrons
103
31
20
99+
Number of Electrons
70
99+
19
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
227.00 pm
3
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
203.00 pm
9
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm
12
275.00 pm
5
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu
99+
39.10 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol
9
45.46 cm3/mol
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)
27
10.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm
11
532.80 pm
12
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3
99+
0.86 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3
99+
0.83 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa
18
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa
99+
1.30 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa
39
3.10 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa
99+
3.53 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21
33
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.97
99+
0.86
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
72.00 nΩ·m
37
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
0.14 106/cm Ω
14
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
48.40 kJ/mol
22
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.75 J/(kg K)
6
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
29.60 J/mol·K
6
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K
35
102.50 W/m·K
15
Critical Temperature
26.30 K
7
2,223.00 K
3
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
83.30 µm/(m·K)
3
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
77.50 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
2.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
89.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K
21
64.70 J/mol.K
18
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