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Ytterbium vs Rubidium

Ytterbium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Ytterbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb   
Rb   
Group Number
Not Available   
1   
17
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440644   
26
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
In 1878   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
33
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
Not Available   
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
824.00 °C   
99+
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C   
99+
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Grayish White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa   
31
0.22 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa   
33
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s   
99+
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Yb   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06   
33
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr   
25
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
70   
99+
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
70   
99+
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
103   
31
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
70   
99+
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm   
12
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol   
9
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thulium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Lutetium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)   
27
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm   
11
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3   
99+
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3   
99+
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa   
18
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa   
39
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa   
99+
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
33
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.97   
99+
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m   
99+
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω   
38
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K   
35
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
26.30 K   
7
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)   
14
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol   
99+
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K   
21
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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