Ytterbium vs Zirconium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb
Zr
Group Number
Not Available
4
14
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440644
26
7440677
23
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Discovery
In 1878
In 1789
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
5 * 10-6 %
13
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
17
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
33
0.01 %
14
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
In Bone
Not Available
0.10 p.p.m.
23
Physical Properties
Melting Point
824.00 °C
99+
1,852.00 °C
15
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C
99+
4,377.00 °C
11
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
5.00
8
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa
31
638.00 MPa
19
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa
33
820.00 MPa
15
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s
99+
3,800.00 m/s
20
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Yb
Zr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.33
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.90
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06
33
1.22
26
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.32
34
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.67
24
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.05 eV
26
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
70
99+
40
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
70
99+
40
99+
Number of Neutrons
103
31
51
99+
Number of Electrons
70
99+
40
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
175.00 pm
23
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm
12
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu
99+
91.22 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol
9
14.10 cm3/mol
36
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)
27
80.00 (-eV)
18
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm
11
323.20 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
8
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3
99+
6.52 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3
99+
5.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa
18
330.00 MPa
12
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
21
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa
99+
33.00 GPa
20
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa
39
91.10 GPa
17
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa
99+
88.00 GPa
22
Poisson Ratio
0.21
33
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.97
99+
6.51
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
421.00 nΩ·m
11
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
41.10 kJ/mol
27
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K
35
22.60 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
26.30 K
7
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
581.60 kJ/mol
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
20.90 kJ/mol
11
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
598.00 kJ/mol
10
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K
21
39.00 J/mol.K
39
|
||
|
||
|
