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Yttrium vs Rutherfordium

Yttrium
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Yttrium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Y  
Rf  
Group Number
3  
15
4  
14
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440655  
25
53850365  
13
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1794  
In 1964  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
21
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
22
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
25
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
26
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C  
27
2,100.00 °C  
11
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C  
22
5,500.00 °C  
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
-  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
-  
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa  
26
1,300.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
590.00 MPa  
29
550.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s  
34
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Y  
Rf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
19  
20
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22  
39
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65  
99+
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.22  
38
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.12  
99+
0.90  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78  
16
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
19
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol  
23
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol  
18
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol  
18
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
60,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
60,000.00 kJ/mol  
34
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
22nd Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV  
99+
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
39  
99+
104  
14
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
39  
99+
104  
14
Number of Neutrons
50  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
39  
99+
104  
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
150.00 pm  
35
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm  
18
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
250.00 pm  
10
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu  
99+
267.00 amu  
11
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol  
33
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Strontium
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Zirconium
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)  
31
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm  
34
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
39
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3  
99+
23.20 g/cm3  
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3  
99+
23.20 g/cm3  
9
Tensile Strength
160.00 MPa  
22
23.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
18
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
34
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)  
10
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa  
37
23.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa  
35
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa  
34
12.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24  
26
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.47  
99+
23.00  
10
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m  
8
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol  
36
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K  
35
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K  
99+
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,799.00 K  
31
2,400.00 K  
12
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol  
25
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol  
16
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol  
23
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K  
99+
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
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