Manganese vs Thulium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn
Tm
Group Number
7
11
Not Available
Period Number
4
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439965
99+
7440304
99+
Space Group Name
I_ 43m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
217.00
4
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
In 1774
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %
8
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %
8
~0.00000002 %
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %
8
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %
8
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
14
Not Available
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.
8
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C
37
1,545.00 °C
23
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C
99+
1,730.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa
99+
471.00 MPa
25
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
520.00 MPa
21
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s
7
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mn
Tm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
21
18
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55
25
1.25
35
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60
9
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.75
15
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45
29
2.75
19
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol
30
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol
39
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol
21
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol
20
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol
16
Not Available
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol
16
Not Available
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV
25
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
25
99+
69
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
25
99+
69
99+
Number of Neutrons
30
99+
100
32
Number of Electrons
25
99+
69
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm
99+
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
Not Available
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu
99+
168.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol
99+
18.10 cm3/mol
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)
2
49.70 (-eV)
28
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm
1
353.75 pm
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3
99+
9.32 g/cm3
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3
99+
8.56 g/cm3
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
12
0.06 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
30.50 GPa
22
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa
14
44.50 GPa
26
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa
12
74.00 GPa
27
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.21
31
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.21
99+
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m
99+
676.00 nΩ·m
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)
11
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K
29
27.03 J/mol·K
22
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K
99+
16.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)
21
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol
99+
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol
23
16.80 kJ/mol
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol
38
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K
99+
74.00 J/mol.K
9
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