Rhodium vs Titanium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh
Ti
Group Number
9
9
4
14
Period Number
5
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440166
99+
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
Discovery
In 1804
In 1791
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C
12
1,660.00 °C
18
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C
17
3,287.00 °C
22
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray-White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa
9
716.00 MPa
15
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa
9
830.00 MPa
14
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s
15
5,090.00 m/s
9
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
84.00 %
4
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rh
Ti
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
16
23
23
16
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28
3
1.54
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.09
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45
16
1.32
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.56
24
1.38
32
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72
99+
2.46
28
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol
29
658.80 kJ/mol
39
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
2,652.50 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,174.60 kJ/mol
32
5th Energy Level
Not Available
9,581.00 kJ/mol
5
6th Energy Level
Not Available
11,533.00 kJ/mol
6
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,590.00 kJ/mol
6
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,440.00 kJ/mol
8
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,530.00 kJ/mol
11
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,833.00 kJ/mol
15
11th Energy Level
Not Available
25,575.00 kJ/mol
14
12th Energy Level
Not Available
28,125.00 kJ/mol
14
13th Energy Level
Not Available
76,015.00 kJ/mol
1
14th Energy Level
Not Available
83,280.00 kJ/mol
2
15th Energy Level
Not Available
90,880.00 kJ/mol
3
16th Energy Level
Not Available
100,700.00 kJ/mol
4
17th Energy Level
Not Available
109,100.00 kJ/mol
5
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,800.00 kJ/mol
6
19th Energy Level
Not Available
129,900.00 kJ/mol
7
20th Energy Level
Not Available
137,530.00 kJ/mol
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV
6
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
45
99+
22
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
45
99+
22
99+
Number of Neutrons
58
99+
26
99+
Number of Electrons
45
99+
22
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
147.00 pm
34
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu
99+
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)
22
95.20 (-eV)
10
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm
27
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3
28
4.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3
14
4.11 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa
5
434.00 MPa
9
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)
19
0.98 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa
6
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa
5
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa
5
116.00 GPa
18
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
0.32
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.41
20
4.51
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
420.00 nΩ·m
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol
7
7.60 kJ/mol
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K
9
21.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol
12
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol
10
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol
12
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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