Thallium vs Dubnium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl
Db
Group Number
13
5
5
13
Period Number
6
7
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440280
99+
53850354
14
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Not Available
Space Group Number
194.00
5
Not Available
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
- IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
- In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced
History
Who Discovered
William Crookes
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Discovery
In 1861
In 1968
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-9 %
32
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
34
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
- Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
34
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
33
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
303.50 °C
99+
Not Available
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C
99+
Not Available
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Unknown
Luster
NA
Unknown Luster
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.20
20
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tl
Db
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
32
7
10
28
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62
21
Not Available
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25
5
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
Not Available
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96
6
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.79
13
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38
33
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol
99+
664.80 kJ/mol
38
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol
14
1,546.70 kJ/mol
38
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol
32
2,378.40 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,298.80 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
4,305.20 kJ/mol
39
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr
2
Not Available
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV
28
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
81
35
105
13
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
81
35
105
13
Number of Neutrons
123
20
157
7
Number of Electrons
81
35
105
13
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm
22
139.00 pm
39
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm
39
149.00 pm
35
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm
30
Not Available
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu
31
268.00 amu
10
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol
31
Not Available
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)
99+
Not Available
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm
99+
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60
6
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3
31
29.30 g/cm3
5
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3
13
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)
5
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa
28
Not Available
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.45
2
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile
Unknown
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.85
22
Not Available
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Unknown
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m
99+
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω
32
Not Available
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol
32
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K
33
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)
12
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K
19
Not Available
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