Yttrium vs Neodymium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Y
Nd
Group Number
3
15
1
17
Period Number
5
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440655
25
7440008
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Discovery
In 1794
In 1885
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %
17
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000003 %
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
21
0.00 %
30
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
20
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
25
0.00 %
30
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
Not Available
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C
27
1,010.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C
21
3,127.00 °C
28
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa
22
265.00 MPa
35
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
345.00 MPa
27
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s
23
2,330.00 m/s
38
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Y
Nd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
19
20
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22
38
1.14
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65
29
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.07
32
Allen Electronegativity
1.12
38
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78
16
2.86
13
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
533.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,040.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,130.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
3,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
1.79 g/amp-hr
37
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV
35
3.20 eV
34
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
39
99+
60
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
39
99+
60
99+
Number of Neutrons
50
99+
84
40
Number of Electrons
39
99+
60
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
181.00 pm
13
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm
18
201.00 pm
10
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
229.00 pm
20
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu
99+
144.24 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol
21
20.60 cm3/mol
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)
30
43.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm
31
365.80 pm
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
16
1.61
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3
99+
7.01 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3
99+
6.89 g/cm3
36
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
32
0.00 (Pa)
21
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)
10
101.00 (Pa)
2
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa
30
16.30 GPa
38
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa
30
31.80 GPa
37
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa
32
41.40 GPa
40
Poisson Ratio
0.24
26
0.28
16
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.47
99+
7.00
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m
8
643.00 nΩ·m
6
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol
30
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K
27
27.45 J/mol·K
17
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K
99+
16.50 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
9.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol
18
273.00 kJ/mol
34
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol
16
7.14 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol
18
322.00 kJ/mol
32
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K
33
71.50 J/mol.K
13
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