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Silver vs Nickel

Silver
Nickel
Nickel vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Ni  
Group Number
11  
7
10  
8
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.01 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.01 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
2,732.00 °C  
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
667.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
638.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
4,900.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
1.68  
28
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
1.91  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
1.94  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
1.91  
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
1.88  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
5.15 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
345.00 MPa  
13
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
8
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
200.00 GPa  
12
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
8.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
1,728.00 K  
35
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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