Tantalum vs Niobium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ta
Nb
Group Number
5
13
5
13
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440257
99+
7440031
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
- Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg
Charles Hatchett
Discovery
In 1802
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-9 %
31
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
31
0.00 %
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
- Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
25
In Bone
0.03 p.p.m.
28
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,996.00 °C
4
2,468.00 °C
6
Boiling Point
5,425.00 °C
4
2,468.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray Blue
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
440.00 MPa
28
735.00 MPa
14
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa
12
870.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
3,400.00 m/s
22
3,480.00 m/s
21
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
78.00 %
6
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ta
Nb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50
27
1.60
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.42
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.33
22
1.23
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.34
33
1.41
31
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50
27
2.40
31
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol
18
652.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,500.00 kJ/mol
40
1,380.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,416.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,700.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
4,877.00 kJ/mol
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,847.00 kJ/mol
11
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,100.00 kJ/mol
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.35 g/amp-hr
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV
21
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
73
99+
41
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
73
99+
41
99+
Number of Neutrons
108
28
52
99+
Number of Electrons
73
99+
41
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm
35
146.00 pm
35
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm
25
164.00 pm
28
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
180.95 amu
38
92.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.90 cm3/mol
99+
10.87 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
110.00 (-eV)
7
104.00 (-eV)
8
Lattice Constant
330.13 pm
99+
330.04 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
16.69 g/cm3
18
8.57 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.00 g/cm3
9
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
330.00 MPa
12
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
31
0.00 (Pa)
27
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
69.00 GPa
13
38.00 GPa
19
Bulk Modulus
200.00 GPa
8
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
186.00 GPa
13
105.00 GPa
20
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
16.65
11
8.57
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
131.00 nΩ·m
25
152.00 nΩ·m
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
27
0.07 106/cm Ω
28
Electron Affinity
31.00 kJ/mol
29
86.10 kJ/mol
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
37
0.26 J/(kg K)
20
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
24.60 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
57.50 W/m·K
27
53.70 W/m·K
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
7.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
753.10 kJ/mol
2
696.60 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
31.40 kJ/mol
3
27.20 kJ/mol
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
782.00 kJ/mol
3
745.00 kJ/mol
4
Standard Molar Entropy
41.50 J/mol.K
37
36.40 J/mol.K
99+
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