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Al Element
Aluminium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Al
Group Number
13 5
Period Number
3 5
Block
p block
Element Family
Post-​Transition
CAS Number
7429905 92
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00 3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Discovery
In 1825
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.01 % 6
Abundance In Sun
0.01 % 5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 % 5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 % 1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 6
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3 9
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m. 11
Physical
Melting Point
660.37 °C 60
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C 48
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.75 14
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa 56
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa 58
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s 14
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.61 31
Reflectivity
71.00 % 12
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Al
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
11 27
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61 23
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71 16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47 15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83 16
Allen Electronegativity
1.61 23
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39 32
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol 66
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol 20
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol 39
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol 3
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol 2
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol 2
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol 2
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol 2
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol 2
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol 4
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol 5
12th Energy Level
5,770.00 kJ/mol 66
13th Energy Level
5,770.00 kJ/mol 54
14th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol 86
15th Energy Level
57,700.00 kJ/mol 55
16th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol 81
17th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol 69
18th Energy Level
5,775.00 kJ/mol 57
19th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol 67
20th Energy Level
577.00 kJ/mol 61
21st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol 72
22nd Energy Level
577.00 kJ/mol 56
23rd Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol 71
24th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol 58
25th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol 58
26th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol 65
27th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol 61
28th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol 65
29th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol 67
30th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol 62
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr 76
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV 26
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic
Atomic Number
13 88
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
13 87
Number of Neutrons
14 66
Number of Electrons
13 87
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm 39
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm 56
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm 41
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu 82
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol 67
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
10
Next Element
9
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV) 17
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm 25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58 34
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3 79
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3 81
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa 42
Viscosity
0.00 23
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 19
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa) 37
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa 36
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa 19
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa 30
Poisson Ratio
0.35 9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.72 78
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 18
Susceptibility
0.00 11
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m 50
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω 4
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol 31
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K) 5
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K 62
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K 4
Critical Temperature
933.00 K 62
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K) 18
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol 49
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol 41
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol 41
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K 72
Summary >>
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