Aluminium Rhodium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Al
Rh
Group Number
13
5
9
9
Period Number
3
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7429905
99+
7440166
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1825
In 1804
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %
5
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %
5
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %
5
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %
1
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
6
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
10
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
Not Available
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.
11
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C
99+
1,966.00 °C
12
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C
99+
3,727.00 °C
17
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.75
13
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
99+
980.00 MPa
9
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa
35
1,100.00 MPa
9
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s
10
4,700.00 m/s
15
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
71.00 %
10
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al
Rh
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
11
27
16
23
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61
22
2.28
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71
13
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.45
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83
8
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.61
20
1.56
24
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39
32
1.72
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
719.70 kJ/mol
29
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV
19
4.98 eV
6
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13
99+
45
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
13
99+
45
99+
Number of Neutrons
14
99+
58
99+
Number of Electrons
13
99+
45
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm
37
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm
99+
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm
34
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu
99+
102.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)
17
64.00 (-eV)
22
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm
22
380.34 pm
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3
99+
12.41 g/cm3
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
10.70 g/cm3
14
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa
19
951.00 MPa
5
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
18
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.02 (Pa)
19
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa
29
150.00 GPa
6
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa
18
275.00 GPa
5
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa
28
380.00 GPa
5
Poisson Ratio
0.35
9
0.26
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.72
99+
12.41
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
4
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol
26
109.70 kJ/mol
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K
4
150.00 W/m·K
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol
31
495.40 kJ/mol
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol
35
21.76 kJ/mol
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol
31
556.50 kJ/mol
12
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
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