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Rhodium vs Polonium

Rhodium
Polonium
Polonium vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh   
Po   
Group Number
9   
9
16   
2
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440166   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In 1804   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C   
12
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C   
17
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa   
9
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
84.00 %   
4
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rh   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
2.00   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45   
16
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.56   
24
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
45   
99+
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45   
99+
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
58   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
45   
99+
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm   
27
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3   
28
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3   
14
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa   
5
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa   
6
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa   
5
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa   
5
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41   
20
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K   
9
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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