Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
Space Group Name
Pm-3m
P63/mmc
Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Smithson Tennant
Discovery
In 1898
In 1803
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
α Allotropes
α-polonium
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-polonium
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Covalent Radius
Not Available
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Shear Modulus
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available