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Aluminium
Aluminium

Scandium
Scandium



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Scandium

Aluminium Scandium Comparison

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Al
Sc
1.2 Group Number
133
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
34
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
p block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Post-​Transition
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74299057440202
Palladium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
225.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
2.2 Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Lars Fredrik Nilson
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1825
In 1879
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %3 * 10-6 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %~0.000004 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
660.37 °C1,539.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C2,832.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
2.75NA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa750.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPaNA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/sNA
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
71.00 %NA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Al
Sc
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
1113
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.611.36
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.711.02
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.471.20
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83NA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.611.19
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.392.64
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol633.10 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol1,235.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol2,388.60 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol7,090.60 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol8,843.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol10,679.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol13,310.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol15,250.00 kJ/mol
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol17,370.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol21,726.00 kJ/mol
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol24,102.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA66,320.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA73,010.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA80,160.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA89,490.00 kJ/mol
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA97,400.00 kJ/mol
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA105,600.00 kJ/mol
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NA117,000.00 kJ/mol
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NA124,270.00 kJ/mol
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr0.56 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.28 eV3.50 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
1321
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
1321
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
1424
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
1321
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
143.00 pm162.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
121.00 pm170.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm211.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
26.98 amu44.96 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol15.00 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)58.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
404.95 pm330.90 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.59
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm32.99 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm32.80 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
40.00 MPaNA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA91.30 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa29.10 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa56.60 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa74.40 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.350.28
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
2.722.99
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
0.00NA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m562.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol18.10 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)0.60 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K15.80 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)10.20 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol314.20 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol14.10 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol343.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K34.60 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1