1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.3 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.3 Block
1.4 Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
1.5 CAS Number
74299057440699
7429905
54386242
1.3 Space Group Name
1.4 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
2.3 Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.5 History
2.5.1 Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Claude François Geoffroy
2.5.2 Discovery
2.7 Abundance
2.7.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %7 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.9.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %~0.000006 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.5.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.4.2 Abundance In Oceans
5.4.5 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
6.1.2 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
6.1.3 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Industry
6.1.4 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-30.02 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
7.2.4 In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.0.20 p.p.m.
0
170000
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
660.37 °C271.30 °C
27
3410
8.2 Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C1,560.00 °C
147
5660
11.3 Appearance
11.3.1 Physical State
11.3.2 Color
11.3.3 Luster
11.4 Hardness
11.4.1 Mohs Hardness
12.3.3 Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa70.00 MPa
0.14
3490
14.3.2 Vickers Hardness
15.3 Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s1,790.00 m/s
818
16200
15.9 Optical Properties
15.9.1 Refractive Index
15.11.3 Reflectivity
15.12 Allotropes
15.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
15.12.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
15.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
16 Chemical
16.1 Chemical Formula
16.2 Isotopes
16.2.1 Known Isotopes
16.4 Electronegativity
16.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
16.6.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
18.3.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
19.2.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
19.3.4 Allen Electronegativity
19.5 Electropositivity
19.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
20.3 Ionization Energies
20.3.1 1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
20.3.4 2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol1,610.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
20.4.2 3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol2,466.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
20.6.2 4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol4,370.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
20.8.2 5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
20.8.5 6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol8,520.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
20.9.3 7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
20.10.3 8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
20.10.7 9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
20.10.10 10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
20.11.5 11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
20.12.5 12th Energy Level
20.12.11 13th Energy Level
20.12.17 14th Energy Level
20.12.20 15th Energy Level
20.12.25 16th Energy Level
20.12.29 17th Energy Level
20.12.32 18th Energy Level
20.12.36 19th Energy Level
20.12.41 20th Energy Level
20.12.45 21st Energy Level
20.12.47 22nd Energy Level
20.12.51 23rd Energy Level
20.12.55 24th Energy Level
20.12.59 25th Energy Level
20.12.61 26th Energy Level
20.12.66 27th Energy Level
20.12.67 28th Energy Level
20.12.72 29th Energy Level
20.12.76 30th Energy Level
20.13 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr2.60 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
20.14 Electron Work Function
20.15 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
21 Atomic
21.1 Atomic Number
21.3 Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
21.4 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
21.4.1 Crystal Lattice
21.5 Atom
21.5.1 Number of Protons
21.6.3 Number of Neutrons
22.2.1 Number of Electrons
22.7 Radius of an Atom
22.7.1 Atomic Radius
143.00 pm156.00 pm
112
265
23.1.1 Covalent Radius
121.00 pm148.00 pm
96
260
23.2.2 Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm207.00 pm
139
348
23.6 Atomic Weight
26.98 amu208.98 amu
6.94
294
23.8 Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol21.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
24.3 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
24.3.1 Previous Element
24.3.2 Next Element
24.4 Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)41.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
24.9 Lattice Constant
404.95 pm667.40 pm
228.58
891.25
24.11 Lattice Angles
24.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
25 Mechanical
25.1 Density
25.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm39.78 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
25.4.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm310.05 g/cm3
0.512
20
25.9 Tensile Strength
25.15 Viscosity
26.2 Vapor Pressure
26.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
28.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
28.10 Elasticity properties
28.10.1 Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa12.00 GPa
1.3
222
28.14.3 Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa31.00 GPa
1.6
462
29.3.3 Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa32.00 GPa
1.7
528
29.5 Poisson Ratio
29.8 Other Mechanical Properties
30 Magnetic
30.1 Magnetic Characteristics
30.1.1 Specific Gravity
31.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
31.1.3 Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
31.3.1 Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
31.4 Electrical Properties
31.4.1 Electrical Property
31.4.2 Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m1.29 nΩ·m
0.18
961
32.4.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
32.6.1 Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol91.20 kJ/mol
0
222.8
33 Thermal
33.1 Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
34.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
34.3 Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K7.97 W/m·K
6.3
429
35.3 Critical Temperature
36.2 Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)13.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
36.8 Enthalpy
36.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol151.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
37.3.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol10.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
37.4.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol207.10 kJ/mol
61.5
837
37.7 Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K56.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1