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Aluminium vs Calcium

Aluminium
Calcium
Calcium vs Aluminium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Al   
Ca   
Group Number
13   
5
2   
16
Period Number
3   
4   
Block
p block   
s block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7429905   
99+
7440702   
21
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1825   
In 1808   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %   
5
7 * 10-3 %   
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %   
5
~0.007 %   
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %   
5
1.10 %   
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %   
1
5.00 %   
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
6
0.00 %   
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
10
1.40 %   
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C   
99+
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C   
99+
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.75   
13
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa   
99+
170.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa   
35
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s   
10
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
71.00 %   
10
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
11   
27
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61   
22
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71   
13
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83   
8
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.61   
20
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39   
32
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV   
19
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13   
99+
20   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
[Ar] 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
13   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
14   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
13   
99+
20   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm   
37
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm   
99+
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm   
34
231.00 pm   
19
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu   
99+
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Magnesium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Potassium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)   
17
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm   
22
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa   
19
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
18
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa   
29
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa   
18
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa   
28
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35   
9
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.72   
99+
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
4
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K   
4
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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